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4.7 ʸ»úÎó¤Î½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±¡Êformatting¡Ë¤È¤Ï¡¢ Äê¿ôʸ»úÎóÆâ¤Î¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤ÞÉôʬ¤ò·×»»ÃͤÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤¿Ê¸»úÎó¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Îʸ»úÎó¤Ï¡¢Ê¸»úÎó¼«ÂΤ˲䨤ơ¢ ¾¤ÎÃͤò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤«¤âÀ©¸æ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Îʸ»úÎó¤ò½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±Ê¸»úÎó¡Êformat string¡Ë¤È¸Æ¤Ó¤Þ¤¹¡£

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±¤Ï¡¢É½¼¨¤¹¤ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò·×»»¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ËÊØÍø¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¼ÂºÝ¡¢´Ø¿ômessage¤È´Ø¿ôerror¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ ¤³¤³¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ÈƱ¤¸½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±µ¡Ç½¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤½¤ì¤é¤Èformat¤È¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ï¡¢ ½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±¤·¤¿·ë²Ì¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤«¤Ç¤¹¡£

Function: format string &rest objects

¤³¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢string¤ò¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¡¢ ¥³¥Ô¡¼Æâ¤Î½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤òÂбþ¤¹¤ëobjects¤Îɽ¸½¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤¿ ¿·¤¿¤Êʸ»úÎó¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£ °ú¿ôobjects¤Ï½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±¤¹¤Ù¤­·×»»ÃͤǤ¢¤ë¡£

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤Ï‘%’¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ëʸ»ú¤ÎÎó¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢stringÆâ¤Ë‘%d’¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¡¢ ´Ø¿ôformat¤Ï¤½¤ì¤ò½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±¤¹¤Ù¤­ÃͤÎ1¤Ä ¡Ê°ú¿ôobjects¤Î1¤Ä¡Ë¤Îɽ¼¨É½¸½¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¤Ä¤®¤Î¤È¤ª¤ê¤Ç¤¹¡£

(format "The value of fill-column is %d." fill-column)
     ⇒ "The value of fill-column is 72."

string¤Ë2¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢ ½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤Ïobjects¤Î¸å³¤ÎÃͤËÂбþ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢string¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤ÏºÇ½é¤ÎÃͤò»È¤¤¡¢ 2ÈÖÌܤνñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤Ï2ÈÖÌܤÎÃͤò»È¤¤¡¢¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¶ñ¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¡ÊÃͤ¬Âбþ¤·¤Ê¤¤¡Ë;·×¤Ê½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤Ï¡¢ ͽ¬ÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ê¤Õ¤ë¤Þ¤¤¤ò°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ;·×¤ÊÃͤÏ̵»ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

ÆÃÄê¤Î½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤Ï¡¢ÆÃÄê¤Î·¿¤ÎÃͤòɬÍפȤ·¤Þ¤¹¡£ Í×µá¤ËŬ¹ç¤·¤Ê¤¤ÃͤòÆÉ¼Ô¤¬»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È¥¨¥é¡¼¤òÄÌÃΤ·¤Þ¤¹¡£

Í­¸ú¤Ê½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤ò¤Ä¤®¤Ë¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

%s

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤ò¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤·¤Ê¤¤ ¡Ê¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢prin1¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯princ¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£see Output Functions¡Ë ɽ¼¨É½¸½¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¡£ ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Ê¸»úÎó¤Ï‘"’ʸ»ú¤Ê¤·¤Ç¤½¤ÎÆâÍÆ¤òɽ¼¨¤·¡¢ ¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Ï‘\’ʸ»ú¤Ê¤·¤Çɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£

Âбþ¤¹¤ë¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¶õʸ»úÎó¤ò»È¤¦¡£

%S

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤ò¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤·¤¿ ¡Ê¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢prin1¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£see Output Functions¡Ë ɽ¼¨É½¸½¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¡£ ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Ê¸»úÎó¤Ï‘"’ʸ»ú¤Ç°Ï¤ó¤Çɽ¼¨¤·¡¢ ¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤ÏÆÃÊ̤Êʸ»ú¤Î¤Þ¤¨¤Ë¤Ï‘\’ʸ»ú¤òÉÕ¤±¤ÆÉ½¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£

Âбþ¤¹¤ë¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¶õʸ»úÎó¤ò»È¤¦¡£

%o

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤òÀ°¿ô¤Î´ð¿ô8¤Îɽ¼¨É½¸½¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¡£

%d

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤òÀ°¿ô¤Î´ð¿ô10¤Îɽ¼¨É½¸½¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¡£

%x

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤òÀ°¿ô¤Î´ð¿ô16¤Îɽ¼¨É½¸½¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¡£

%c

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤ò»ØÄêÃͤÎʸ»ú¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¡£

%e

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤òÉâÆ°¾®¿ôÅÀ¿ô¤Î»Ø¿ôɽµ­¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¡£

%f

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤òÉâÆ°¾®¿ôÅÀ¿ô¤Î¾®¿ôÅÀɽµ­¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¡£

%g

½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤òÉâÆ°¾®¿ôÅÀ¿ô¤Î»Ø¿ôɽµ­¤«¾®¿ôÅÀɽµ­¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤«Ã»¤¤¤Û¤¦¤Ç ÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¡£

%%

ʸ»úÎó¤Ë1¸Ä¤Î‘%’¤òÆþ¤ì¤ë¡£ ¤³¤Î½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±»ØÄê¤Ï¡¢Ãͤò»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤ÅÀ¤ÇÆÃÊ̤Ǥ¢¤ë¡£ ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢(format "%% %d" 30)¤Ï"% 30"¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£

¾åµ­°Ê³°¤Î½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±Ê¸»ú¤Ï¡¢¥¨¥é¡¼‘Invalid format operation’¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

Îã¤ò¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

(format "The name of this buffer is %s." (buffer-name))
     ⇒ "The name of this buffer is strings.texi."

(format "The buffer object prints as %s." (current-buffer))
     ⇒ "The buffer object prints as strings.texi."

(format "The octal value of %d is %o, 
         and the hex value is %x." 18 18 18)
     ⇒ "The octal value of 18 is 22, 
         and the hex value is 12."

¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î½ñ¼°ÉÕ¤±Ê¸»ú¤Ë¤Ï¡¢‘%’¤È¤½¤Îʸ»ú¤Î¤¢¤¤¤À¤Ë¡¢ ¿ôÁ°ÃÖ»Ò¤ò»ØÄê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¾Êά²Äǽ¤Ê¿ôÁ°ÃֻҤϥª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ÎºÇ¾®Éý¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Îɽ¼¨É½¸½¤¬¤³¤ÎÉý¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¥Ñ¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¿ôÁ°ÃÖ»Ò¤¬Àµ¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡Ê¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¥¼¥í¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ì¤Ð¡Ëº¸Â¦¤Ë¥Ñ¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤·¡¢ ¿ôÁ°ÃÖ»Ò¤¬Éé¤Ê¤é¤Ð±¦Â¦¤Ë¥Ñ¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥Ñ¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°Ê¸»ú¤Ï¡¢Ä̾¶õÇò¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢ ¿ôÁ°ÃÖ»Ò¤¬¥¼¥í¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥¼¥í¤Ç¥Ñ¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥Ñ¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤ÎÎã¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

(format "%06d is padded on the left with zeros" 123)
     ⇒ "000123 is padded on the left with zeros"

(format "%-6d is padded on the right" 123)
     ⇒ "123    is padded on the right"

format¤Ï¡¢¤É¤ó¤ÊÉý¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤â¡¢ ¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Îɽ¼¨É½¸½¤òÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¾ðÊó¤ò¼º¤¦¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯¡¢¿ôÁ°ÃÖ»Ò¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆºÇ¾®¤Î·åÉý¤ò»ØÄê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤Ä¤®¤Î3¤Ä¤ÎÎã¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢‘%7s’¤ÏºÇ¾®Éý7¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹¡£ ºÇ½é¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢‘%7s’¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤ï¤ëʸ»úÎó¤Ï3ʸ»ú¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢ ¥Ñ¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤È¤·¤Æ¶õÇò4¸Ä¤òÁÞÆþ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ 2ÈÖÌܤÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ê¸»úÎó"specification"¤Ï13ʸ»úÉý¤Ç¤¹¤¬ÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ 3ÈÖÌܤÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢±¦Â¦¤Ë¥Ñ¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

(format "The word `%7s' actually has %d letters in it."
        "foo" (length "foo"))
     ⇒ "The word `    foo' actually has 3 letters in it."  
(format "The word `%7s' actually has %d letters in it."
        "specification" (length "specification")) 
     ⇒ "The word `specification' actually has 13 letters in it."  
(format "The word `%-7s' actually has %d letters in it."
        "foo" (length "foo"))
     ⇒ "The word `foo    ' actually has 3 letters in it."  

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