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4 ÍѸ콸

°ú¿ô(argument)¤È¤Ï¡¤C¤äC++¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤«¤éÅϤµ ¤ì¤ëargvÇÛÎó¤ÎÍ×ÁǤǤ¹¡¥

¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó(option)¤È¤Ï¡¤-¤ä--¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë°ú¿ô¤Ç¤¹¡¥

ÃÍ(value)¤È¤Ï¡¤°ú¿ô¤Þ¤¿¤Ï°ú¿ô¤Î°ìÉô¤Ç¡¤ÆÃÄê¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë´ØÏ¢ÉÕ¤± ¤é¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹(¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï°ú¿ô¤ò¼õ¤±ÉÕ¤±¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó)¡¥Î㤨¤Ð °Ê²¼¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡¥

> ls --width=80

ls¤Ï°ì¤Ä¤Î°ú¿ô--width=80¤Ç¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¡¤¤½¤ì¤ÏÃÍ 80¤ò»ý¤Ä¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹¡¥°ìÊý°Ê²¼¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡¥

> ls --width 80

ls¤ÏÆó¤Ä¤Î°ú¿ô¤Ç¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¡¤--width¤Ï¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¡¤ 80¤ÏÃͤ«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤·¡¤¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥¤³¤Î¾õ¶·¤Ç¤Ï¡¤ 80¤¬Á°ÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë--width¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë´ØÎþ¤¹¤ëÃͤȤ·¤Æ°· ¤ï¤ì¤ë¤«¡¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¤«¤Ï¡¤ls¤¬ --width¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¹½Ê¸²òÀϤ¹¤ëÊýË¡¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Þ¤¹¡¥

¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î½çÈÖ¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¡¤Ä̾ï½ÅÍפǤϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥

> ls -a -l
> ls -l -a

ξÊý¤È¤âÀµ³Î¤ËƱ¤¸¤³¤È¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥

¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿(parameter)¤Ï¡¤°ú¿ô¤Ç¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥Î㤨¤Ð°Ê ²¼¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡¥

> cp --archive source dest

cp¤Ï¡¤»°¤Ä¤Î°ú¿ô¤Ç¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¡¤¤½¤ì¤Ï¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó --archive¡¤¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿source¡¤¤½¤·¤Æ¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿ dest¤Ç¤¹¡¥¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ê¡¥¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤Î½ç½ø¤Î»ØÄê¤Ï¡¤Ä̾ï½Å ÍפǤ¹¡¥

> cp --archive --verbose source dest
> cp --verbose --archive source dest
> cp --archive source --verbose dest
> cp --archive --verbose dest source

ºÇ½é¤Î»°¤Ä¤Îcp¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÏƱ¤¸¤³¤È¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¤»ÍÈÖÌܤΤâ¤Î¤Ï¡¤ Á´¤¯°Û¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥

gengetopt¤Î½é¿´¼Ô¤Ï¡¤¤³¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î»Ä¤ê¤òÆÉ¤Þ¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥¥ª ¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¼ïÎà¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤È¡¤¤½¤ì¤é¤Î¹½Ê¸²òÀϤ˿ʤó¤Ç¤¤¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥

¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤Ë¤Ï¡¤-¤Ç--¤Ç»Ï¤á¤Æ¤â¤«¤Þ¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ë¤³ ¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥ÆÃ¤Ë¡¤-¤ä--¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ ¤Î°ú¿ô¤Ï¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹¡¥°Ê²¼¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡¥

> ls -- -file
> tar -c -f - . > ../foo.tar

ls¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤ÏÆó¤Ä¤Î°ú¿ô¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥ºÇ½é¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï°ú¿ô¤Ç¡¤ --¤Ïls¤Ï̵»ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¤¤³¤ì¤Ç-file°ú¿ô¤Ï¥Ñ¥é ¥á¡¼¥¿¤È¤·¤Æ²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡¥tar¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï»Í¤Ä¤Î°ú¿ô¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥ -c°ú¿ô¤Ï¡¤tar¤Ë¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦ÅÁ¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡¥ -f°ú¿ô¤ÏÃͤò¼è¤ê¡¤¤½¤ì¤Ï-¤Ç¡¤tar¤Ë¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö ¤òɸ½à½ÐÎϤ˽ñ¤­¹þ¤àÍѤËÅÁ¤¨¡¤»ÍÈÖÌܤΰú¿ô.¤Ï¡¤tar¤Ë¥¢¡¼ ¥«¥¤¥Ö¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òÅÁ¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡¥(»Ä¤ê¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤Î¹àÌܤÏ>¤È ../foo.tar¤Ç¡¤¥·¥§¥ë¤Ëtar¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î½ÐÎϤò¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë ../foo.tar¤Ë¥ê¥À¥¤¥ì¥¯¥È¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦ÅÁ¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡¥tar¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É ¤¬¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥)

GNU¤Î´·½¬¤Ç¤Ï¡¤-¼«¿È¤Ï¾ï¤Ë¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤È¤·¤Æ²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¤ºÇ½é ¤Î--¼«¿È¤Ï¾ï¤Ë̵»ë¤µ¤ì¡¤¤½¤ì°Ê¹ß¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤Î°ú¿ô¤Ï¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤È¤·¤Æ ²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡¥gengetopt¤Ï¾ï¤Ë¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Çưºî¤·¤Þ¤¹¡¥

û¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó(short option)¤Ï-¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹¡¥ Á°ÃÖ¤¹¤ë¥À¥Ã¥·¥å¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤º¡¤Ã»¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï°ìʸ»ú¤ÎŤµ¤Ë¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢ ¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥

> ls -a -l -t --width=80

-a¡¤-l¡¤¤½¤·¤Æ-t¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¤¤¹¤Ù¤ÆÃ»¤¤¥ª¥× ¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹¡¥Ê£¿ô¤Îû¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¤°ì¤Ä¤ËÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤Æ¤â¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥

> ls -alt --width=80

¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¤¾åµ­¤ÎÎã¤ÈÅù²Á¤Ç¤¹¡¥

Ť¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó(long option)¤Ï¡¤-¤ä--¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë¥ª ¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹¡¥Á°ÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¶èÀÚ¤êʸ»ú(punctuation)¤Ï̵»ë¤µ¤ì¡¤Ä¹¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç ¥ó¤Ï¡¤°ìʸ»ú°Ê¾å¤ÎŤµ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤â¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥

> ls --all -fs

ls¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¡¤Æó¤Ä¤Î°ú¿ô¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥¤½¤ì¤Ï¡¤Ä¹¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó --all¤È¡¤Ã»¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÁÈ-fs¤Ç¤¹¡¥

Ť¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ëû¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎƱµÁ¸ì¤ò»ý¤¿¤»¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥·ë¶É¡¤ cc¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÊ£»¨¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¤Í­¸ú¤Êû¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú°Ê¾å ¤Î¿ô¤ÎŤ¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥Ã»¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ë¤³¤È ¤ÏÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡¥Ã»¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¿ä¾©¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¤Ä¹¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î ƱµÁ¸ì¤ò»ý¤¿¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤Ïɬ¿Ü¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥

Ť¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¤¾Êά¤·¤Æ¤âÉÔÌÀÎÆ¤Ë¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê¡¤¾Êά¤·¤Æ¤â¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤» ¤ó¡¥gengetopt¤Ï¡¤ÌÀ³Î¤Ê¾Êά¸ì¤òƱµÁ¸ì¤È¤·¤Æ¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë½èÍý¤·¤Þ¤¹¡¥

û¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¤Ä¹¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÃͤò»ý¤¿¤»¤Æ¤â¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¤ ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Îû¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬°ì¤Ä¤Î°ú¿ô¤ËÅ»¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¤ºÇ¸å¤Î¤â¤Î¤À ¤±¤¬Ãͤò»ý¤Ä¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥Ä¹¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¿ô¤ÎÃͤÏÅù¹æ¤ÇʬΥ¤µ¤ì¤Æ ¤¤¤Æ¡¤Ã»¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¿ô¤ÎÃͤÏʬΥ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥

> ls --width 60  # ok, value is "60"
> ls --width=60  # ok, value is "60"
> ls -w60        # ok, value is "60"
> ls -w 60       # ok, value is "60"
> ls -w=60       # unexpected, value is "=60"
> ls -T7 -w60    # ok, value for -T is 7, value for -w is 60
> ls -T7w60      # unexpected, value for -T is "7w60", no -w at all

ɬ¿Ü¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó(required option)¤ÏɬÍפǡ¤¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¥¨¥é¡¼¤È ¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥

Ê£¿ô²ó¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó(multiple option)¤È¤Ï¡¤°ìÅٰʾ女¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ë½ñ ¤¤¤Æ¤â¤«¤Þ¤ï¤Ê¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹¡¥gengetopt¤Ï¡¤Ê£¿ô²ó¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¤ ¾®¤µ¤ÊÇÛÎó¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹(Ê£¿ô²ó¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤ÏMultiple Options)¡¥


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