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Quotations allow fragments of other parts to be inserted directly
into a music expression. Before a part can be quoted, the
\addQuote
command must be used to initialize the quoted
fragment. This command must be used in the toplevel scope. The
first argument is an identifying string, and the second is a music
expression:
flute = \relative c' { f4 fis g gis } \addQuote "flute" { \flute }
The \quoteDuring
command may then be used to indicate when
the quotation should take place. The corresponding measures from
the quotation are inserted into the music expression. The syntax
is similar to \addQuote
:
flute = \relative c' { f4 fis g gis } \addQuote "flute" { \flute } \relative c' { c4 cis \quoteDuring #"flute" { s2 } }
If the music expression used for \quoteDuring
contains
anything but a spacer rest or multi-measure rest, a polyphonic
situation is created, which is often not desirable:
flute = \relative c' { f4 fis g gis } \addQuote "flute" { \flute } \relative c' { c4 cis \quoteDuring #"flute" { c4 b } }
Quotations recognize instrument transposition settings for both
the source and target instruments if they are specified using the
\transposition
command:
clarinet = \relative c' { \transposition bes f4 fis g gis } \addQuote "clarinet" { \clarinet } \relative c' { c4 cis \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s2 } }
Quoting another voice with transposition
Quotations take into account the transposition of both
source and target. In this example, all instruments play sounding
middle C; the target is an instrument in F. The target part may be
transposed using \transpose
. In this case, all the pitches
(including the quoted ones) are transposed.
\addQuote clarinet { \transposition bes \repeat unfold 8 { d'16 d' d'8 } } \addQuote sax { \transposition es' \repeat unfold 16 { a8 } } quoteTest = { % french horn \transposition f g'4 << \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { \skip 4 } s4^"clar." >> << \quoteDuring #"sax" { \skip 4 } s4^"sax." >> g'4 } { \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-column { Horn \line { in F } } \quoteTest \transpose c' d' << \quoteTest s4_"up a tone" >> }
Quoting another voice
With \quote
, fragments of previously entered
music may be quoted. quotedEventTypes
will determines which
items are quoted. In this example, a 16th rest is not quoted, since
rest-event
is not in quotedEventTypes
.
quoteMe = \relative c' { fis4 r16 a8.-> b4-\ff c } \addQuote quoteMe \quoteMe original = \relative c'' { c8 d s2 \once \override NoteColumn #'ignore-collision = ##t es8 gis8 } << \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = #"quoteMe" \quoteMe } \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = #"orig" \original } \new Staff \relative c'' << \set Staff.instrumentName = #"orig+quote" \set Staff.quotedEventTypes = #'(note-event articulation-event) \original \new Voice { s4 \set fontSize = #-4 \override Stem #'length-fraction = #(magstep -4) \quoteDuring #"quoteMe" { \skip 2. } } >> >>
Notation Reference: Instrument transpositions.
Snippets: Staff notation.
Internals Reference: QuoteMusic, Voice.
Only the contents of the first Voice
occurring in an
\addQuote
command will be considered for quotation, so
music cannot contain \new
and \context Voice
statements that would switch to a different Voice.
Quoting grace notes is broken and can even cause LilyPond to crash.
Quoting nested triplets may result in poor notation.
In earlier versions of LilyPond (pre 2.11), addQuote
was
written entirely in lower-case letters: \addquote
.
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